feat: 初始化员工缺勤分析系统项目
搭建完整的前后端分离架构，实现数据概览、预测分析、聚类分析等核心功能模块 详细版： feat: 初始化员工缺勤分析系统项目 - 后端：基于 Flask 搭建 RESTful API，包含数据概览、特征分析、预测模型、聚类分析四大模块 - 前端：基于 Vue.js 构建单页应用，实现 Dashboard、预测、聚类、因子分析等页面 - 模型：集成随机森林、XGBoost、LightGBM、Stacking 等多种机器学习模型 - 文档：完成需求规格说明、系统架构设计、接口设计、数据设计、UI原型设计等文档
This commit is contained in:
590
backend/core/train_model.py
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590
backend/core/train_model.py
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import sys
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import os
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sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
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import pandas as pd
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import numpy as np
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import time
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from sklearn.ensemble import (
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RandomForestRegressor,
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GradientBoostingRegressor,
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ExtraTreesRegressor,
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StackingRegressor
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)
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from sklearn.linear_model import Ridge
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from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split, RandomizedSearchCV
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from sklearn.preprocessing import RobustScaler, LabelEncoder
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from sklearn.feature_selection import SelectKBest, f_regression
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from sklearn.metrics import r2_score, mean_squared_error, mean_absolute_error
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import xgboost as xgb
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import lightgbm as lgb
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import joblib
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import warnings
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warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')
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import config
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from core.preprocessing import get_clean_data
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def print_training_log(model_name, start_time, best_score, best_params, n_iter, cv_folds):
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elapsed = time.time() - start_time
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print(f" {'─'*50}")
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print(f" Model: {model_name}")
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print(f" Time: {elapsed:.1f}s")
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print(f" Best CV R2: {best_score:.4f}")
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print(f" Best params:")
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for k, v in best_params.items():
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print(f" - {k}: {v}")
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print(f" Iterations: {n_iter}, CV folds: {cv_folds}")
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print(f" {'─'*50}")
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class DataAugmenter:
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def __init__(self, noise_level=0.02, n_augment=2):
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self.noise_level = noise_level
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self.n_augment = n_augment
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def augment(self, df, target_col='Absenteeism time in hours'):
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print(f"\nData Augmentation...")
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print(f" Original size: {len(df)}")
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augmented_dfs = [df]
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numerical_cols = df.select_dtypes(include=[np.number]).columns.tolist()
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if target_col in numerical_cols:
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numerical_cols.remove(target_col)
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for i in range(self.n_augment):
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df_aug = df.copy()
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for col in numerical_cols:
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if col in df_aug.columns:
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std_val = df_aug[col].std()
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if std_val > 0:
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noise = np.random.normal(0, self.noise_level * std_val, len(df_aug))
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df_aug[col] = df_aug[col] + noise
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augmented_dfs.append(df_aug)
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df_result = pd.concat(augmented_dfs, ignore_index=True)
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print(f" Augmented size: {len(df_result)}")
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return df_result
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def smote_regression(self, df, target_col='Absenteeism time in hours'):
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df = df.copy()
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y = df[target_col].values
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bins = [0, 1, 4, 8, 100]
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labels = ['zero', 'low', 'medium', 'high']
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df['_target_bin'] = pd.cut(y, bins=bins, labels=labels, include_lowest=True)
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bin_counts = df['_target_bin'].value_counts()
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max_count = bin_counts.max()
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numerical_cols = df.select_dtypes(include=[np.number]).columns.tolist()
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if target_col in numerical_cols:
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numerical_cols.remove(target_col)
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if '_target_bin' in numerical_cols:
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numerical_cols.remove('_target_bin')
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augmented_rows = []
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for bin_label in labels:
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bin_df = df[df['_target_bin'] == bin_label].drop(columns=['_target_bin'])
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bin_size = len(bin_df)
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if bin_size < max_count and bin_size > 0:
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n_samples_to_add = max_count - bin_size
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for _ in range(n_samples_to_add):
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idx = np.random.choice(bin_df.index)
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sample = bin_df.loc[idx].copy()
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for col in numerical_cols:
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if col in sample.index:
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std_val = bin_df[col].std()
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if std_val > 0:
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noise = np.random.normal(0, 0.02 * std_val)
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sample[col] = sample[col] + noise
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augmented_rows.append(sample)
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if augmented_rows:
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df_aug = pd.DataFrame(augmented_rows)
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df_result = pd.concat([df.drop(columns=['_target_bin']), df_aug], ignore_index=True)
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else:
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df_result = df.drop(columns=['_target_bin'])
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print(f" After SMOTE-like augmentation: {len(df_result)}")
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return df_result
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class OptimizedModelTrainer:
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def __init__(self):
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self.models = {}
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self.scaler = RobustScaler()
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self.feature_names = None
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self.selected_features = None
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self.label_encoders = {}
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self.model_metrics = {}
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self.augmenter = DataAugmenter(noise_level=0.02, n_augment=2)
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def analyze_data(self, df):
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print("\n" + "="*60)
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print("Data Analysis")
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print("="*60)
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y = df['Absenteeism time in hours']
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print(f"\nTarget variable statistics:")
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print(f" Min: {y.min()}")
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print(f" Max: {y.max()}")
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print(f" Mean: {y.mean():.2f}")
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print(f" Median: {y.median():.2f}")
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print(f" Std: {y.std():.2f}")
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print(f" Skewness: {y.skew():.2f}")
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print(f"\nTarget distribution:")
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print(f" Zero values: {(y == 0).sum()} ({(y == 0).sum() / len(y) * 100:.1f}%)")
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print(f" 1-8 hours: {((y > 0) & (y <= 8)).sum()} ({((y > 0) & (y <= 8)).sum() / len(y) * 100:.1f}%)")
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print(f" >8 hours: {(y > 8).sum()} ({(y > 8).sum() / len(y) * 100:.1f}%)")
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return y
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def clip_outliers(self, df, columns, lower_pct=1, upper_pct=99):
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df_clean = df.copy()
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for col in columns:
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if col in df_clean.columns and df_clean[col].dtype in ['int64', 'float64']:
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if col == 'Absenteeism time in hours':
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continue
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lower = df_clean[col].quantile(lower_pct / 100)
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upper = df_clean[col].quantile(upper_pct / 100)
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df_clean[col] = df_clean[col].clip(lower, upper)
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return df_clean
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def feature_engineering(self, df):
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df = df.copy()
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df['workload_per_age'] = df['Work load Average/day'] / (df['Age'] + 1)
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df['expense_per_distance'] = df['Transportation expense'] / (df['Distance from Residence to Work'] + 1)
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df['age_service_ratio'] = df['Age'] / (df['Service time'] + 1)
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df['has_children'] = (df['Son'] > 0).astype(int)
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df['has_pet'] = (df['Pet'] > 0).astype(int)
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df['family_responsibility'] = df['Son'] + df['Pet']
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df['health_risk'] = ((df['Social drinker'] == 1) | (df['Social smoker'] == 1) | (df['Body mass index'] > 30)).astype(int)
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df['lifestyle_risk'] = df['Social drinker'].astype(int) + df['Social smoker'].astype(int)
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df['age_group'] = pd.cut(df['Age'], bins=[0, 30, 40, 50, 100], labels=[1, 2, 3, 4])
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df['service_group'] = pd.cut(df['Service time'], bins=[0, 5, 10, 20, 100], labels=[1, 2, 3, 4])
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df['bmi_category'] = pd.cut(df['Body mass index'], bins=[0, 18.5, 25, 30, 100], labels=[1, 2, 3, 4])
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df['workload_category'] = pd.cut(df['Work load Average/day'], bins=[0, 200, 250, 300, 500], labels=[1, 2, 3, 4])
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df['commute_category'] = pd.cut(df['Distance from Residence to Work'], bins=[0, 10, 20, 50, 100], labels=[1, 2, 3, 4])
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df['seasonal_risk'] = df['Seasons'].apply(lambda x: 1 if x in [1, 3] else 0)
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df['weekday_risk'] = df['Day of the week'].apply(lambda x: 1 if x in [2, 6] else 0)
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df['hit_target_ratio'] = df['Hit target'] / 100
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df['experience_level'] = pd.cut(df['Service time'], bins=[0, 5, 10, 15, 100], labels=[1, 2, 3, 4])
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df['age_workload_interaction'] = df['Age'] * df['Work load Average/day'] / 10000
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df['service_bmi_interaction'] = df['Service time'] * df['Body mass index'] / 100
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return df
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def select_features(self, X, y, k=20):
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print("\nFeature Selection...")
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selector = SelectKBest(score_func=f_regression, k=min(k, X.shape[1]))
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selector.fit(X, y)
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scores = selector.scores_
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feature_scores = list(zip(self.feature_names, scores))
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feature_scores.sort(key=lambda x: x[1], reverse=True)
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print(f"\nTop {min(k, len(feature_scores))} features by F-score:")
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for i, (name, score) in enumerate(feature_scores[:min(k, len(feature_scores))]):
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cn = config.FEATURE_NAME_CN.get(name, name)
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print(f" {i+1}. {cn}: {score:.2f}")
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selected_mask = selector.get_support()
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self.selected_features = [f for f, s in zip(self.feature_names, selected_mask) if s]
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return selector.transform(X)
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def prepare_data(self):
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df = get_clean_data()
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df.columns = [col.strip() for col in df.columns]
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df = df.drop(columns=['ID'])
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cols_to_drop = ['Weight', 'Height', 'Reason for absence']
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for col in cols_to_drop:
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if col in df.columns:
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df = df.drop(columns=[col])
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print(" Removed features: Weight, Height, Reason for absence (data leakage risk)")
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self.analyze_data(df)
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print("\n" + "="*60)
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print("Data Preprocessing")
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print("="*60)
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numerical_cols = ['Age', 'Service time', 'Work load Average/day',
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'Transportation expense', 'Distance from Residence to Work',
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'Hit target', 'Body mass index']
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df = self.clip_outliers(df, numerical_cols)
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print(" Outliers clipped (1st-99th percentile)")
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print("\n" + "="*60)
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print("Data Augmentation")
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print("="*60)
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df = self.augmenter.smote_regression(df)
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df = self.augmenter.augment(df)
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print("\n" + "="*60)
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print("Feature Engineering")
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print("="*60)
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df = self.feature_engineering(df)
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y = df['Absenteeism time in hours'].values
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X_df = df.drop(columns=['Absenteeism time in hours'])
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ordinal_cols = ['Month of absence', 'Day of the week', 'Seasons',
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'Disciplinary failure', 'Education', 'Social drinker',
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'Social smoker', 'age_group', 'service_group',
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'bmi_category', 'workload_category', 'commute_category',
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'experience_level']
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for col in ordinal_cols:
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if col in X_df.columns:
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le = LabelEncoder()
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X_df[col] = le.fit_transform(X_df[col].astype(str))
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self.label_encoders[col] = le
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self.feature_names = list(X_df.columns)
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X = X_df.values.astype(float)
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X = self.scaler.fit_transform(X)
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X = self.select_features(X, y, k=20)
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print(f"\nFinal feature count: {X.shape[1]}")
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X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(
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X, y, test_size=0.2, random_state=42
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)
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return X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test
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def train_random_forest(self, X_train, y_train):
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print("\n" + "="*60)
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print("Training Random Forest")
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print("="*60)
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start_time = time.time()
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rf = RandomForestRegressor(random_state=42, n_jobs=-1)
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param_distributions = {
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'n_estimators': [200, 300, 400],
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'max_depth': [10, 15, 20, 25],
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'min_samples_split': [2, 5, 10],
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'min_samples_leaf': [1, 2, 4],
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'max_features': ['sqrt', 0.7]
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}
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print(f" Searching {20*5} parameter combinations...")
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random_search = RandomizedSearchCV(
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rf, param_distributions, n_iter=20, cv=5,
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scoring='r2', n_jobs=-1, random_state=42
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)
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random_search.fit(X_train, y_train)
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self.models['random_forest'] = random_search.best_estimator_
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print_training_log("Random Forest", start_time, random_search.best_score_,
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random_search.best_params_, 20, 5)
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return random_search.best_estimator_
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def train_xgboost(self, X_train, y_train):
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print("\n" + "="*60)
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print("Training XGBoost")
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print("="*60)
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start_time = time.time()
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xgb_model = xgb.XGBRegressor(random_state=42, n_jobs=-1)
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param_distributions = {
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'n_estimators': [200, 300, 400],
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'max_depth': [5, 7, 9],
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'learning_rate': [0.05, 0.1],
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'subsample': [0.7, 0.8],
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'colsample_bytree': [0.7, 0.8],
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'min_child_weight': [1, 3],
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'reg_alpha': [0, 0.1],
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'reg_lambda': [1, 1.5]
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}
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print(f" Searching {20*5} parameter combinations...")
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random_search = RandomizedSearchCV(
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xgb_model, param_distributions, n_iter=20, cv=5,
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scoring='r2', n_jobs=-1, random_state=42
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)
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random_search.fit(X_train, y_train)
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self.models['xgboost'] = random_search.best_estimator_
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print_training_log("XGBoost", start_time, random_search.best_score_,
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random_search.best_params_, 20, 5)
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return random_search.best_estimator_
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def train_lightgbm(self, X_train, y_train):
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print("\n" + "="*60)
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print("Training LightGBM")
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print("="*60)
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start_time = time.time()
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lgb_model = lgb.LGBMRegressor(random_state=42, n_jobs=-1, verbose=-1)
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param_distributions = {
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'n_estimators': [200, 300, 400],
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'max_depth': [7, 9, 11, -1],
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'learning_rate': [0.05, 0.1],
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'subsample': [0.7, 0.8],
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'colsample_bytree': [0.7, 0.8],
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'min_child_samples': [5, 10, 20],
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'reg_alpha': [0, 0.1],
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'reg_lambda': [1, 1.5],
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'num_leaves': [31, 50, 70]
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}
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print(f" Searching {20*5} parameter combinations...")
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random_search = RandomizedSearchCV(
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lgb_model, param_distributions, n_iter=20, cv=5,
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scoring='r2', n_jobs=-1, random_state=42
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)
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random_search.fit(X_train, y_train)
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self.models['lightgbm'] = random_search.best_estimator_
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print_training_log("LightGBM", start_time, random_search.best_score_,
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random_search.best_params_, 20, 5)
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return random_search.best_estimator_
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def train_gradient_boosting(self, X_train, y_train):
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print("\n" + "="*60)
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print("Training Gradient Boosting")
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print("="*60)
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start_time = time.time()
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gb = GradientBoostingRegressor(random_state=42)
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param_distributions = {
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'n_estimators': [200, 300],
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'max_depth': [5, 7, 9],
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'learning_rate': [0.05, 0.1],
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'subsample': [0.7, 0.8],
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'min_samples_split': [2, 5],
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'min_samples_leaf': [1, 2]
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}
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print(f" Searching {15*5} parameter combinations...")
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random_search = RandomizedSearchCV(
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gb, param_distributions, n_iter=15, cv=5,
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scoring='r2', n_jobs=-1, random_state=42
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)
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random_search.fit(X_train, y_train)
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self.models['gradient_boosting'] = random_search.best_estimator_
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print_training_log("Gradient Boosting", start_time, random_search.best_score_,
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random_search.best_params_, 15, 5)
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return random_search.best_estimator_
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def train_extra_trees(self, X_train, y_train):
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print("\n" + "="*60)
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print("Training Extra Trees")
|
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print("="*60)
|
||||
|
||||
start_time = time.time()
|
||||
et = ExtraTreesRegressor(random_state=42, n_jobs=-1)
|
||||
|
||||
param_distributions = {
|
||||
'n_estimators': [200, 300, 400],
|
||||
'max_depth': [10, 15, 20],
|
||||
'min_samples_split': [2, 5, 10],
|
||||
'min_samples_leaf': [1, 2, 4],
|
||||
'max_features': ['sqrt', 0.7]
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
print(f" Searching {20*5} parameter combinations...")
|
||||
random_search = RandomizedSearchCV(
|
||||
et, param_distributions, n_iter=20, cv=5,
|
||||
scoring='r2', n_jobs=-1, random_state=42
|
||||
)
|
||||
random_search.fit(X_train, y_train)
|
||||
|
||||
self.models['extra_trees'] = random_search.best_estimator_
|
||||
print_training_log("Extra Trees", start_time, random_search.best_score_,
|
||||
random_search.best_params_, 20, 5)
|
||||
|
||||
return random_search.best_estimator_
|
||||
|
||||
def train_stacking(self, X_train, y_train):
|
||||
print("\n" + "="*60)
|
||||
print("Training Stacking Ensemble")
|
||||
print("="*60)
|
||||
|
||||
start_time = time.time()
|
||||
base_estimators = []
|
||||
|
||||
if 'random_forest' in self.models:
|
||||
base_estimators.append(('rf', self.models['random_forest']))
|
||||
if 'xgboost' in self.models:
|
||||
base_estimators.append(('xgb', self.models['xgboost']))
|
||||
if 'lightgbm' in self.models:
|
||||
base_estimators.append(('lgb', self.models['lightgbm']))
|
||||
if 'gradient_boosting' in self.models:
|
||||
base_estimators.append(('gb', self.models['gradient_boosting']))
|
||||
|
||||
if len(base_estimators) < 2:
|
||||
print(" Not enough base models for stacking")
|
||||
return None
|
||||
|
||||
print(f" Base estimators: {[name for name, _ in base_estimators]}")
|
||||
print(f" Meta learner: Ridge")
|
||||
print(f" CV folds: 5")
|
||||
|
||||
stacking = StackingRegressor(
|
||||
estimators=base_estimators,
|
||||
final_estimator=Ridge(alpha=1.0),
|
||||
cv=5,
|
||||
n_jobs=-1
|
||||
)
|
||||
stacking.fit(X_train, y_train)
|
||||
|
||||
self.models['stacking'] = stacking
|
||||
elapsed = time.time() - start_time
|
||||
print(f" {'─'*50}")
|
||||
print(f" Stacking ensemble created in {elapsed:.1f}s")
|
||||
print(f" {'─'*50}")
|
||||
|
||||
return stacking
|
||||
|
||||
def evaluate_model(self, model, X_test, y_test):
|
||||
y_pred = model.predict(X_test)
|
||||
|
||||
r2 = r2_score(y_test, y_pred)
|
||||
mse = mean_squared_error(y_test, y_pred)
|
||||
rmse = np.sqrt(mse)
|
||||
mae = mean_absolute_error(y_test, y_pred)
|
||||
|
||||
return {
|
||||
'r2': round(r2, 4),
|
||||
'mse': round(mse, 4),
|
||||
'rmse': round(rmse, 4),
|
||||
'mae': round(mae, 4)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
def save_models(self):
|
||||
os.makedirs(config.MODELS_DIR, exist_ok=True)
|
||||
|
||||
for name, model in self.models.items():
|
||||
if model is not None:
|
||||
model_path = os.path.join(config.MODELS_DIR, f'{name}_model.pkl')
|
||||
joblib.dump(model, model_path)
|
||||
print(f" {name} saved")
|
||||
|
||||
joblib.dump(self.scaler, config.SCALER_PATH)
|
||||
joblib.dump(self.feature_names, os.path.join(config.MODELS_DIR, 'feature_names.pkl'))
|
||||
joblib.dump(self.selected_features, os.path.join(config.MODELS_DIR, 'selected_features.pkl'))
|
||||
joblib.dump(self.label_encoders, os.path.join(config.MODELS_DIR, 'label_encoders.pkl'))
|
||||
joblib.dump(self.model_metrics, os.path.join(config.MODELS_DIR, 'model_metrics.pkl'))
|
||||
print(" Scaler and feature info saved")
|
||||
|
||||
def train_all(self):
|
||||
total_start = time.time()
|
||||
print("\n" + "="*60)
|
||||
print("Optimized Model Training Started")
|
||||
print("="*60)
|
||||
print(f"Start time: {time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')}")
|
||||
|
||||
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = self.prepare_data()
|
||||
|
||||
print(f"\nTrain size: {len(X_train)}, Test size: {len(X_test)}")
|
||||
|
||||
print("\n" + "="*60)
|
||||
print("Training Models with Hyperparameter Optimization")
|
||||
print("="*60)
|
||||
|
||||
self.train_random_forest(X_train, y_train)
|
||||
self.train_extra_trees(X_train, y_train)
|
||||
self.train_xgboost(X_train, y_train)
|
||||
self.train_lightgbm(X_train, y_train)
|
||||
self.train_gradient_boosting(X_train, y_train)
|
||||
self.train_stacking(X_train, y_train)
|
||||
|
||||
print("\n" + "="*60)
|
||||
print("Evaluating Models on Test Set")
|
||||
print("="*60)
|
||||
|
||||
best_r2 = -float('inf')
|
||||
best_model = None
|
||||
|
||||
for name, model in self.models.items():
|
||||
if model is not None:
|
||||
metrics = self.evaluate_model(model, X_test, y_test)
|
||||
self.model_metrics[name] = metrics
|
||||
|
||||
status = "Good" if metrics['r2'] > 0.5 else ("OK" if metrics['r2'] > 0.3 else "Poor")
|
||||
status_icon = "✓" if status == "Good" else ("△" if status == "OK" else "✗")
|
||||
print(f" {status_icon} {name:20s} - R2: {metrics['r2']:.4f}, RMSE: {metrics['rmse']:.4f}, MAE: {metrics['mae']:.4f}")
|
||||
|
||||
if metrics['r2'] > best_r2:
|
||||
best_r2 = metrics['r2']
|
||||
best_model = name
|
||||
|
||||
print(f"\n ★ Best Model: {best_model} (R2 = {best_r2:.4f})")
|
||||
|
||||
print("\n" + "="*60)
|
||||
print("Saving Models")
|
||||
print("="*60)
|
||||
self.save_models()
|
||||
|
||||
return self.model_metrics
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def train_and_save_models():
|
||||
total_start = time.time()
|
||||
trainer = OptimizedModelTrainer()
|
||||
metrics = trainer.train_all()
|
||||
total_elapsed = time.time() - total_start
|
||||
|
||||
print("\n" + "="*60)
|
||||
print("Training Complete!")
|
||||
print("="*60)
|
||||
print(f"Total training time: {total_elapsed:.1f}s ({total_elapsed/60:.1f} min)")
|
||||
print(f"End time: {time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')}")
|
||||
|
||||
print("\n" + "-"*60)
|
||||
print("Final Model Ranking (by R2)")
|
||||
print("-"*60)
|
||||
|
||||
sorted_metrics = sorted(metrics.items(), key=lambda x: x[1]['r2'], reverse=True)
|
||||
for i, (name, m) in enumerate(sorted_metrics, 1):
|
||||
medal = "🥇" if i == 1 else ("🥈" if i == 2 else ("🥉" if i == 3 else " "))
|
||||
print(f" {medal} {i}. {name:20s} - R2: {m['r2']:.4f}, RMSE: {m['rmse']:.4f}")
|
||||
|
||||
return metrics
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
if __name__ == '__main__':
|
||||
train_and_save_models()
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user